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Glyxambi

Diabetes Glyxambi (Generic) Generic drugs, marketed without brand names, contain the exact same active ingredients used in their brand-name counterparts, but cost significantly less. The drugs are required to meet US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards for safety, purity and effectiveness.
Glyxambi

Empagliflozin and linagliptin are both components of Glyxambi, which is a combo medication. Both empagliflozin and linagliptin are oral medications for diabetes that assist in bringing blood sugar levels under control. Empagliflozin is effective because it encourages the kidneys to excrete glucose from the circulation more effectively. Linagliptin is effective because it controls the amount of insulin that is produced by your body in response to eating. Adults who have type 2 diabetes mellitus can improve their management of their blood sugar by using glyxambi in conjunction with a healthy diet and regular physical activity. In individuals with type 2 diabetes who also have heart disease, the usage of glyxambi has been shown to reduce the likelihood that the patient would pass away as a result of a heart attack, stroke, or heart failure.

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Generic Glyxambi: A Comprehensive Overview

Introduction

Generic Glyxambi is a combination medication that contains two active ingredients: empagliflozin (an SGLT2 inhibitor) and linagliptin (a DPP-4 inhibitor). It is primarily used to manage blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. This combination therapy leverages the complementary mechanisms of action of both drugs to provide more effective glycemic control than either drug could achieve alone. This article provides an in-depth look at generic Glyxambi, including its mechanism of action, indications, dosage, side effects, contraindications, and more.

Mechanism of Action

Generic Glyxambi combines the effects of empagliflozin and linagliptin to improve glycemic control through different mechanisms:

  1. Empagliflozin: Empagliflozin is a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. It works by inhibiting the SGLT2 protein in the kidneys, which is responsible for reabsorbing glucose back into the bloodstream. By blocking this protein, empagliflozin increases the excretion of glucose in the urine, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. This mechanism is independent of insulin and can be effective even in patients with reduced pancreatic function.

  2. Linagliptin: Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. It works by inhibiting the DPP-4 enzyme, which breaks down incretin hormones such as GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide). By inhibiting DPP-4, linagliptin increases the levels of these hormones, which in turn stimulates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner and suppresses glucagon release. This helps to lower blood glucose levels, particularly after meals.

Indications

Generic Glyxambi is indicated for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults who cannot achieve adequate glycemic control with diet and exercise alone. It is particularly useful for patients who may benefit from the combined effects of empagliflozin and linagliptin. Glyxambi is not indicated for type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis, as these conditions require insulin therapy.

Dosage and Administration

The dosage of generic Glyxambi is fixed and contains:

  • Empagliflozin 10 mg / Linagliptin 5 mg

  • Empagliflozin 25 mg / Linagliptin 5 mg

The usual recommended dose is one tablet taken once daily, with or without food. The dose may be adjusted based on the patient's glycemic control, renal function, and other factors. It is important to take Glyxambi consistently to maintain stable blood glucose levels.

Side Effects

Generic Glyxambi can cause side effects, although not everyone experiences them. Common side effects include:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs): Increased glucose excretion in the urine can create a favorable environment for bacterial growth, leading to UTIs.

  • Genital mycotic infections: Both men and women may experience fungal infections in the genital area due to increased glucose excretion.

  • Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar): Although less common with Glyxambi compared to sulfonylureas, hypoglycemia can occur, especially when used in combination with other antidiabetic agents.

  • Upper respiratory tract infections: Such as nasopharyngitis and sinusitis.

  • Headache: A relatively common side effect associated with linagliptin.

Less common but more serious side effects include:

  • Ketoacidosis: A rare but serious condition associated with SGLT2 inhibitors, characterized by high levels of ketones in the blood. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, and difficulty breathing.

  • Acute kidney injury: SGLT2 inhibitors can cause dehydration and reduce renal perfusion, potentially leading to acute kidney injury.

  • Hypersensitivity reactions: Such as angioedema, rash, and urticaria, which can occur with linagliptin.

Contraindications

Generic Glyxambi is contraindicated in patients with:

  • Known hypersensitivity to empagliflozin, linagliptin, or any other component of the medication.

  • Type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis.

  • Severe renal impairment (e.g., end-stage renal disease or dialysis), as the efficacy of empagliflozin is reduced in these patients.

Precautions and Warnings

Patients taking generic Glyxambi should be closely monitored for signs of ketoacidosis, particularly those with risk factors such as prolonged fasting, severe illness, or excessive alcohol intake. Regular monitoring of renal function is essential, as SGLT2 inhibitors can affect kidney function. Additionally, patients should be advised to maintain adequate hydration to reduce the risk of dehydration and acute kidney injury.

Drug Interactions

Generic Glyxambi can interact with a variety of medications, potentially altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. Some notable interactions include:

  • Diuretics: Thiazide and loop diuretics can increase the risk of dehydration and hypotension.

  • Insulin and sulfonylureas: These can increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used in combination with Glyxambi.

  • Corticosteroids: These can increase blood sugar levels, counteracting the effects of Glyxambi.

  • Inducers of CYP3A4: Such as rifampin, which can reduce the levels of linagliptin.

Special Populations

  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Glyxambi is generally not recommended during pregnancy, as there is limited data on its safety in pregnant women. Insulin is the preferred treatment for managing diabetes during pregnancy. It is also not recommended for use in breastfeeding women.

  • Elderly Patients: Elderly patients may be more susceptible to dehydration and renal impairment and should be closely monitored.

  • Pediatric Patients: The safety and efficacy of Glyxambi in children have not been established.

Conclusion

Generic Glyxambi (empagliflozin and linagliptin) is a valuable combination medication in the management of type 2 diabetes, offering an effective means of controlling blood sugar levels through complementary mechanisms of action. However, like all medications, it must be used with caution, and patients should be closely monitored for potential side effects and interactions. By understanding the full scope of Glyxambi's benefits and risks, healthcare providers can better tailor treatment plans to meet the individual needs of their patients, ultimately improving outcomes and quality of life for those living with diabetes.

Empagliflozin with linagliptin tablets What are the differences between empagliflozin and linagliptin? Empagliflozin and linagliptin is a combination medication that, in addition to changes in diet and physical activity, is prescribed to persons who have type 2 diabetes mellitus in order to better control their blood sugar levels. Those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and heart disease may benefit from using empagliflozin plus linagliptin since it reduces the likelihood that they will pass away as a result of a heart attack, stroke, or heart failure. The treatment of type 1 diabetes cannot be accomplished with empagliflozin and linagliptin. The uses of empagliflozin and linagliptin that are not included in this medication guide are also possible with both of these drugs. Warnings If you have indications of a significant adverse effect while taking this medication, such as severe stomach discomfort (that may move to your back), vomiting, exhaustion, or problems breathing, you should immediately stop using this medication and contact your doctor. Inform your physician if you are feeling unwell with symptoms such as vomiting or diarrhea, or if you find that you are eating or drinking less than normal. This medication has the potential to induce significant infections in the vaginal or genital areas. If you have a fever, symptoms such as burning, itching, odor, discharge, discomfort, soreness, redness, or swelling in the vaginal or rectal area, or if you don't feel well, you should get medical attention as soon as possible. Before beginning to use this medication You should not take empagliflozin and linagliptin if you are allergic to either empagliflozin or linagliptin, or if you have severe kidney disease (or if you are on dialysis), a history of severe allergic or skin reaction after taking empagliflozin or linagliptin, diabetic ketoacidosis, or a history of severe allergic or skin reaction after taking empagliflozin or (call your doctor for treatment). Tell your doctor if you have or have ever had any of the following conditions: liver disease, kidney disease, a bladder infection or problems with urination, a pancreas disorder, heart failure, gallstones, a genital infection (penis or vagina), alcoholism or if you currently drink large amounts of alcohol, if you are on a low salt diet, if you are 65 or older, or if you have ever had any of these conditions. If you are pregnant or think you could become pregnant, it is important that you follow your doctor's advice on the use of this medicine. Keeping one's diabetes under control is of the utmost importance when pregnant. During the second or third trimester of your pregnancy, you should not use the diabetes medications empagliflozin or linagliptin. Stop breastfeeding immediately. How are the medications empagliflozin and linagliptin to be taken? Read all of the medication guides or instruction papers that come with your medicine, and make sure to follow all of the guidelines that are included on the prescription label. Your physician may decide to adjust your dosage every so often. Always follow the directions on the label while taking medication. With or without breakfast, you should take empagliflozin and linagliptin once daily, preferably in the morning. You will need to monitor your blood sugar often, and you may also be asked to check the level of ketones in your urine at regular intervals. Ketoacidosis, a potentially fatal condition, can be brought on by empagliflozin (too much acid in the blood). If a urine test reveals that you have a high level of ketones in your urine, you should make an appointment with your primary care physician even if your blood sugar levels are normal. Stress, sickness, surgery, physical activity, use of alcoholic beverages, and missing meals are all factors that might influence blood sugar levels. Hypoglycemia, often known as low blood sugar, can cause symptoms such as extreme hunger, dizziness, irritability, and trembling. Eating or drinking hard candies, crackers, raisins, fruit juice, or soda that is not diet soda is an effective way to swiftly alleviate hypoglycemia. In the event that you are experiencing severe hypoglycemia, your physician may recommend that you receive a glucagon injection. Having a lengthy sickness increases your risk of being dehydrated. If you are feeling unwell with vomiting or diarrhea, or if you are eating or drinking less than normal, you should call your doctor. The outcomes of some laboratory tests for the presence of glucose (sugar) in the urine may be impacted by this medication. It is important that you let any physician who treats you know that you are currently taking empagliflozin and linagliptin. Your therapy could also consist of things like dieting, exercising, keeping track of your weight, and receiving further medical attention. Keep at room temperature and away from heat and moisture when storing. While I am on empagliflozin and linagliptin, are there any foods or activities that I should avoid? Avoid consuming alcohol. If you have been sitting or lying down, you should avoid getting up too quickly because you may have dizziness. The negative effects of empagliflozin and linagliptin You should seek immediate medical attention if you have the following symptoms of an allergic reaction: hives; skin that is itchy, flaky, or peeling; difficulty swallowing; difficulty breathing; or swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or neck. If you are experiencing symptoms of a significant genital infection (penis or vagina), including burning, itching, odor, discharge, discomfort, tenderness, redness or swelling of the vaginal or rectal area, fever, or general malaise, you should seek medical assistance as soon as possible. It's possible that these symptoms will rapidly worsen. If you experience any of the following symptoms, you should immediately stop taking empagliflozin and linagliptin and call your doctor: a light-headed feeling, as if you might pass out; severe or ongoing pain in your joints; a serious skin reaction, including itching, blisters, or breakdown of the outer layer of skin; ketoacidosis (too much acid in the blood) -nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, confusion, unusual drowsiness, or trouble breathing; pancreatitis - severe pain in your upper stomach spreading to your back, nausea and vomiting; dehydration - dizziness, confusion, feeling very thirsty, less urination; signs of a bladder infection - pain or burning when you urinate, blood in your urine, pain in pelvis or back; or symptoms of heart failure �nausea, vomiting, stomach pain �a fast increase in weight, shortness of breath (even while lying down), swelling in the legs or feet. The following are examples of common adverse effects that may occur: a bladder infection; cold symptoms such as a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, or a sore throat; and a fever. This list of potential adverse effects is not exhaustive; additional symptoms may also surface. Make an appointment with your primary care physician to discuss any adverse effects. Which other medications might potentially interact with empagliflozin and linagliptin? It's possible that the effects of empagliflozin and linagliptin on decreasing your blood sugar might be amplified or diminished by the use of other medications. Talk to your primary care physician about all of the medications you are currently taking, as well as any new medications you begin or stop taking, including insulin or any other oral diabetic medication, rifampin (which is used to treat TB), or a diuretic or "water pill." This list does not contain everything. The effects of empagliflozin and linagliptin might be altered by the use of other medications, such as prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceuticals, vitamins, and herbal supplements. This drug guide does not provide a description of all potentially harmful interactions.

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